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【嵌入式硬件】5.0 STM32F103 HAL库开发实战——新建工程寄存器版
版本说明：MDK5.15 (即Keil MDK软件)，如果有更高的版本可使用高版本。
版本号可从MDK软件的菜单栏的“Help–>About uVision”选项中查询到。
新建工程
新建本地工程文件夹
为了工程目录更加清晰，我们在本地电脑上新建一个文件夹用于存放整个工程，如“LED”，然后在该目录下新建2个文件夹，具体如下：
表格 6‑1 工程目录文件夹清单
| 名称 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| Listing | 存放编译器编译时候产生的c/汇编/链接的列表清单 |
| Output | 存放编译产生的调试信息、hex文件、预览信息、封装库等 |
这一步不是多此一举，而是为了对抗 Keil 的默认行为。
Keil 工程只是“路径索引”，文件住哪由磁盘决定；先建文件夹就是把磁盘结构规划好，别让 Keil 把所有东西堆一锅。
不做这些的后果：工程文件、源码、几十个 .o/.lst 全混在一个目录，且文件位置随 Keil 默认路径漂移。
新建默认文件
在本地新建好文件夹后，在文件夹下新建一些文件：
| 名称 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| LED | 存放startup_stm32f10x_hd.s、stm32f10x.h、main.c文件 |
| Listing | 暂时为空 |
| Output | 暂时为空 |
然后重命名为startup_stm32f10x_hd.s等。
点击是即可。
添加的三个文件说明如下
| 文件名 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| startup_stm32f10x_hd.s | 启动文件，系统上电后第一个运行的程序，汇编编写，C开发一般不用修改，从官方固件库复制。路径：STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Lib_V3.5.0\Libraries\CMSIS\CM3\DeviceSupport\ST\STM32F10x\startup\arm\startup_stm32f10x_hd.s |
| stm32f10x.h | 用户手动新建，用于存放寄存器映射代码，暂时为空 |
| main.c | 用户手动新建，用于存放main函数，暂时为空 |
Keil5也会从官方固件库拉取到startup_stm32f10x_hd.s，具体地址如下：
D:\developSoft\Keil_v5\ARM\PACK\Keil\STM32F1xx_DFP\2.4.1\Boards\Keil\MCBSTM32E\Blinky\RTE\Device\STM32F103ZE\startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
以我的为例，代码为：
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name : startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
;* Author : MCD Application Team
;* Version : V3.5.1
;* Date : 08-September-2021
;* Description : STM32F10x High Density Devices vector table for MDK-ARM
;* toolchain.
;* This module performs:
;* - Set the initial SP
;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;* - Configure the clock system and also configure the external
;* SRAM mounted on STM3210E-EVAL board to be used as data
;* memory (optional, to be enabled by user)
;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;* calls main()).
;* After Reset the CortexM3 processor is in Thread mode,
;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>
;*******************************************************************************
;*
;* Copyright (c) 2011 STMicroelectronics.
;* All rights reserved.
;*
;* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
;* in the root directory of this software component.
;* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
;
;*******************************************************************************
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; <h> Stack Configuration
; <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size
__initial_sp
; <h> Heap Configuration
; <o> Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
PRESERVE8
THUMB
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
EXPORT __Vectors_End
EXPORT __Vectors_Size
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1 & ADC2
DCD USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
DCD USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ; USB Wakeup from suspend
DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break
DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ; ADC3
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ; TIM6
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel1
DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel2
DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel3
DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4 & Channel5
__Vectors_End
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
; Reset handler
Reset_Handler PROC
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
IMPORT __main
IMPORT SystemInit
LDR R0, =SystemInit
BLX R0
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0
ENDP
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TAMPER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC1_2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTCAlarm_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USBWakeUp_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FSMC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMPER_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
ADC1_2_IRQHandler
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
ADC3_IRQHandler
FSMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN
;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN
ENDIF
END
创建KEil工程
工程名根据喜好命名，我这里取LED-REG，直接保存在LED文件夹下。
开 μVision → Project → New μVision Project → 命名为“LED-REG” → 到选器件那步能看到 STMicroelectronics → STM32F1 系列可选。
因为我采用的野火的开发版学习，所以选择如下，其他选择参考：
F103-MINI，选STM32F103RC型号
F103-指南者，选STM32F103VE型号
F103-霸道，选STM32F103ZE型号
F103-拂晓电机开发板，选STM32F103VE型号
在线添加库文件
用寄存器控制STM32时我们不需要在线添加库文件，这里我们点击关掉。
添加文件
我们刚刚添加的空文件加入工程内。
加完效果如下：
配置魔术棒选项卡
这一步的配置工作很重要，很多人串口用不了printf函数，编译有问题，下载有问题，都是这个步骤的配置出了错。
①Target中选中微库“ Use MicroLib”，为的是在日后编写串口驱动的时候可以使用printf函数。
我的界面是：
②Output选项卡中把输出文件夹定位到我们工程目录下的output文件夹， 如果想在编译的过程中生成hex文件，那么那Create HEX File选项勾上。
③在Listing选项卡中把输出文件夹定位到我们工程目录下的Listing文件夹。
下载器配置
在仿真器连接好电脑和开发板且开发板供电正常的情况下，打开编译软件KEIL，在魔术棒选项卡里面选择仿真器的型号，具体过程看图示：
Debug选项配置
Utilities选项配置
Debug Settings 选项配置
如果找不到设备，去win+X去设备管理器卸载即可，再重新插上就可以识别到了。
选择目标板，具体选择多大的FLASH要根据板子上的芯片型号决定。这里F103-MINI选256K，指南者/霸道/拂晓都选512K。 这里面有个小技巧就是把Reset and Run也勾选上，这样程序下载完之后就会自动运行，否则需要手动复位。 擦除的FLASH大小选择Sectors即可，不要选择Full Chip，不然下载会比较慢。
对了，设置代码能显示中文。
main.c需要写几行基础代码：
// SystemInit 留空即可——后面直接在 main 里配时钟，用不到它
void SystemInit(void)
{
}
int main(void)
{
while (1);
}
F7编译，F8运行：
Build started: Project: LED-REG
*** Using Compiler 'V6.24', folder: 'D:\developSoft\Keil_v5\ARM\ARMCLANG\Bin'
Build target 'Target_1'
compiling main.c...
linking...
Program Size: Code=148 RO-data=320 RW-data=0 ZI-data=1024
FromELF: creating hex file...
".\Output\LED-REG.axf" - 0 Error(s), 0 Warning(s).
Build Time Elapsed: 00:00:01
F8烧录：
Build started: Project: LED-REG
*** Using Compiler 'V6.24', folder: 'D:\developSoft\Keil_v5\ARM\ARMCLANG\Bin'
Build target 'Target_1'
".\Output\LED-REG.axf" - 0 Error(s), 0 Warning(s).
Build Time Elapsed: 00:00:00
Load "E:\\ws\\flushbonading_ws\\stm32\\LED\\Output\\LED-REG.axf"
Erase Done.
Programming Done.
Verify OK.
Application running ...
Flash Load finished at 21:19:29